Cataracts is a condition that is prevalent not only among the ageing people in Singapore, but globally. This occurs when fibres and proteins break down in the lens of the eyes, leading to hazy or cloudy build up in the eyes’ lens, which causes visual impairment. While this condition is slow to progress, its formation can make performing daily tasks a challenge. Cataracts can also result in total loss of vision when left untreated.
Can cataracts be prevented? This is a question that will be answered by a top cataract specialist in Singapore (https://www.drchelvinsng.com/ophthalmologist-power-list/) through this article. Be sure to read until the end.
What are the symptoms of cataracts?
There are various signs that may indicate the presence of cataracts. These include:
- Blurred or foggy vision
- Double vision
- Seeing colours that seem faded and halos around lights
- Sensitivity to light and glare
- Trouble seeing during night time
What are the risk factors for developing cataracts?
The following factors can play a critical role in increasing your risk of developing cataracts:
- Ageing
- Diabetes
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Exposure to UV rays
- Extended use of corticosteroid medications
- Family history
- Obesity
- Past inflammation or injury to the eye/s
- Past eye surgery
- Smoking
Is there a way to prevent cataracts?
Studies have not yet found an effective way to delay or prevent the formation of cataracts. Nevertheless, medical experts believe that there are strategic methods that can be beneficial for patients particularly in Singapore.
Minimise exposure to Ultraviolet (UV) Rays
Being in a country that is sunny all year round due to its tropical climate, your risk of developing cataracts increases if you are constantly outdoors, under prolonged exposure to the sun’s intense UV rays without protection. Ultraviolet rays can harm your eye’s lens and breakdown proteins, speeding up cataract growth. Wearing accessories that protect your eyes is essential. Wide-brimmed hats, umbrellas, and sunglasses that shield your eyes from 99-100% of UVA and UVB rays are your best weapons against UV exposure. As much as possible, stay away from the direct heat of the sun during peak hours.
Management of diabetes
Links between cataracts and diabetes have been established by medical experts. Studies show that being diagnosed with diabetes can increase the risk of developing cataracts, especially at a younger age. High blood sugar in people with diabetes can influence cataract progression in two ways: Aqueous Humor and Sorbitol Conversion.
Aqueous Humor. The aqueous humor is a liquid part of the eyes that fills up the space between the lens and the cornea. The level of glucose contained in the aqueous humor can be elevated and cause the lens to swell, giving rise to blurred vision.
Sorbitol Conversion. Enzymes in the lens can turn glucose into sorbitol when the level of sugar in the blood is high. The pooled sorbitol then causes swelling in the lens, which paves the way for damaged proteins to form and develop into cataracts.
To minimise the risk of cataracts, it is crucial that your diabetes is kept under control. Do this by effectively monitoring your blood glucose levels regularly, taking your medications as prescribed by your medical provider, and practicing a healthy lifestyle.
Nourish your eye health by eating foods rich in anti-oxidants.
Oxidative stress is a distinct contributor to cataract formation. Combat this by consuming foods that are filled with nutrients and packed with anti-oxidants. Mindfully plan your diet, making sure that you get enough nutrients that are known to protect the eye’s lens, such as vitamins C and E, lutein, and zeaxanthin. These can be found in leafy greens, citrus fruits, fish, and nuts.
Quit smoking
Cigarette smoke contains toxins that produce free radicals, contributing to oxidative stress and damage to your eye’s lens. Several studies discovered that the rate of developing cataracts are two to three times higher for smokers than non-smokers. Smoking does not do anything good to your body’s overall health and increases your risk of getting cataracts, so why not quit it?
Go for regular eye exams
Cataracts usually form without any sort of pain and gradually over time. You may not notice any cataract symptoms during its initial stages. Undergoing regular comprehensive eye examinations can help detect the onset of cataract formation. By catching cataract early on, timely intervention can be done before your vision gets affected. Likewise, regular exams can track the progression of cataracts. This is important, so the proper treatment is given, specifically when surgery is needed to remove them.
How often should an eye exam be done?
The frequency of your eye exam depends on your condition and doctor’s recommendation.
- Any age with signs of cataracts: Have your eyes checked by a specialist immediately.
- Ages 40 to 64: For those diagnosed with diabetes or have a higher risk of developing cataracts, it is advised that you undergo an eye exam every year. Otherwise, if you have no symptoms or risk factors, regular eye check ups can be done in an interval of two years.
- Ages 65 and above: Eye exams should be done annually, with or without symptoms.
Can you opt to not have cataracts removed?
Yes, you can choose to not have your cataracts removed. Normally, mild cataracts or those that progress slowly are managed with corrective glasses as they do not have any significant impact on your vision. However, if it already affects your quality of life, then you should reconsider having them treated. Cataracts that are left untreated can be hard to treat later on as they become very dense or hypermature, which are more difficult to remove.
Where to get help?
Ophthalmologists are top specialists in providing care for your eyes. If you suspect that your eyes are exhibiting cataract symptoms, a consultation with an ophthalmologist can help assess your condition, diagnose its severity, and propose a plan of action for treatment. Your ophthalmologist can also provide various approaches to your lifestyle that can help improve the health of your eyes. Having interventions in place early on gives you the best opportunity to manage cataracts and enjoy your eyesight before they meddle with your everyday life.
